北京地区大仓鼠种群繁殖生态研究

1983-1985年,作者在北京农田区研究了大仓鼠的种群生态。获得标本1101号(♀497,♂604),解剖、观察、测量、记录雌雄生殖系统的变化及繁殖特征。对大仓鼠的雌雄性比、平均胎仔数、怀孕率等作了分析。结果:春季出生的雌鼠,两个月左右即达性成熟,并参加繁殖,在7月以后出生的雌鼠当年不参加繁殖。越冬鼠一年可繁殖2-3次。在数量较高的1983年,性比(♂/♀)为1.33,平均胎仔数为9.24;数量次高的1984年,性比为1.20,平均胎仔数为9.29;数量较低的1985年,性比为0.95,平均胎仔数为9.94。在数量较低的年份,大仓鼠种群的各项繁殖指标均优于数量较高的年份。     

黑线仓鼠肥满度的研究

1984—1989年,作者在呼和浩特地区野外捕获3008号黑线仓鼠标本进行了肥满度研究。结果表明,该鼠肥满度与栖息地和年龄无关,而有性别、季节和年度差异;肥满度年度变化与种群数量年度消长以及月均肥满度与月均捕获率的相关程度均未达到显著水平,说明该鼠的肥满度不能作为预测其种群数量的主要指标。     

A quantitative study of synaptic ribbons in pinealocytes of adult Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) under different photoperiodic conditions

Summary Synaptic ribbons (SR) in pinealocytes of adult (120–130 day-old) male Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were classified into types 1, 2 and 3; these have a central dense structure showing rod-like, various and ringlike profiles, respectively. The central structure of the type-2 SR usually appeared as round, oval or comma-like bodies, and occasionally as plates showing various profiles or clubshaped bodies. The quantity of each type of SR, expressed as the SR index, was determined over a 24-h period under a light/dark regime (LD) 1212 or LD 1410. On comparing the results obtained from adults with previously published data from young (60–70-days-old) animals under LD 1212, it was found that, in both young and adult animals, the type-1 and type-3 SR indices exhibited different 24-h variations, whereas the type-2 SR index remained constant over a 24-h period. In addition, the indices of the type-2 SR, but not those of the other SR types, were found to be significantly larger in adult than in young animals. In adult animals, the effects of the photoperiod were different between the three types of SR. A nocturnal increase in the type-1 SR index was observed under both LD 1212 and LD 1410, its time course being different for each of these photoperiods. Under LD 1410, the type-2 SR index showed a significant 24-h rhythm with larger values during the dark period; this was not observed under LD 1212. The type-3 SR index was almost the same under LD 1212 and LD 1410. The results suggest that pinealocyte SR of the Chinese hamster may be composed of three types of SR, each with a different functional role.     

安徽淮北农区三种鼠的种群数量动态与年龄结构的关系

本文对安徽省淮北农业区的黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠和黑线仓鼠的种群数量及与年龄组成变化的关系进行探讨。结果表明,其各鼠的年龄组成在每年的不同时段内的变化有一定的规律:各鼠主要繁殖群体的年龄组也是有区别的,如黑线姬鼠和黑线仓鼠主要是成年Ⅱ组,大仓鼠主要是成年Ⅰ组。如果种群中幼年组+亚成年组+成年Ⅰ组的比例高时,则当年数量就可能较高,如果种群中成年Ⅱ组和老年组的比例较高时,当年数量则低。     

安徽淮北农区大仓鼠和黑线仓鼠种群动态的研究

1982一1988年在安徽淮北农区的调查结果表明:大仓鼠种群数量的季节消长特点是,数量高的年份出现3个波峰(即前峰、中峰和后峰),平常年份有2个波峰(中峰和后峰),数量低的年份仅1个波峰(后峰)。波峰峰度大都是后峰最高。黑线仓鼠的波峰数除个别数量高的年份有2个(前峰和中峰)外,多数年份只有1个前峰。两种仓鼠的年间数量变幅皆较明显,推测两鼠各自从一个高峰期到另一个高峰期之间需经历7—8年左右时间。繁殖期,大仓鼠为7个月(4—10月),黑线仓鼠为10个月(2—11月);两者均有两个繁殖盛期,即春峰和秋峰经相关分析,大仓鼠的年数量与年怀孕率存在密切的正相关关系,而黑线仓鼠则为年怀孕率对次年数量有明显的影响。     

First record of an indigenous South African parasitoid wasp on an imported biological control agent,the water hyacinth hopper

ABSTRACT

Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes (Martius) [≡Eichhornia crassip es (Martius) Solms-Laubach] (Pontederiaceae), is native to South America, but has expanded its range to many other regions of the world including South Africa. Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) was released as a biological control agent and has established in several regions. Recently, the indigenous species Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit, (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) was discovered in South Africa parasitising M. scutellaris. This newly discovered relationship might have repercussions for the efficacy of biological control of water hyacinth by the delphacid. The wasp may negatively impact M. scutellaris populations making it difficult for the agent to successfully manage the invasive weed. Contrarily, the parasitoid may be beneficial by keeping the M. scutellaris populations stable, serving as a natural enemy.     

仙台病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及灰仓鼠中流行情况调查

目的建立仙台病毒（SV）RT-PCR检测方法,并对灰仓鼠仙台病毒感染情况进行调查。方法根据NCBI发表的SV（gi：9627219）基因组序列设计引物,建立RT-PCR方法,对方法的特异性和灵敏性进行验证,并用该方法检测60份灰仓鼠的肺脏样本。结果建立的SV RT-PCR方法显示有较好的敏感性和特异性：以仙台病毒为模板扩增产生197 bp的单一目的条带,经测序比对与NCBI数据库中SV相关序列的一致率为98%,而以猴副流感病毒（SV5）、犬瘟热病毒、小鼠肺炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒III型及腮腺炎病毒为对照无任何条带产生;能检出的SVcDNA最低浓度是96.8 ng/mL;用该方法检测60份灰仓鼠,SV的感染率为3.33%（2/60）。结论建立的SV RT-PCR方法可用于实验类啮齿动物动物SV的常规检测,自然条件下灰仓鼠感染SV的问题不容忽视。     

Seasonal regulations of resting metabolic rate and thermogenesis in striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis)

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Resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and mitochondria cytochrome c oxydase (COX) activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), as well as weight of skin and fur were measured in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) that were live-trapped in the summer, autumn, winter and spring.     

灰仓鼠的室内繁殖研究

根据实验室饲养的灰仓鼠资料和观察对该鼠的繁殖进行了研究。结果显示：该鼠的好斗习性经过5年驯养已较温顺。性成熟为50d,动情周期4～4．5d,交配高峰在晚上23．00点至次日1．00点,妊娠周期19d（16～21）,平均产仔间隔39．25d.窝仔数4．59只／窝（1～10）,离乳成活率64．5％,雌雄性比0．883（242／274）,并就以上三个指标在不同季节、不同胎次和不同繁殖代数进行了比较。雌体繁殖高峰3～12月,雌、雄体最长繁殖年限分别1．5和2．0年,寿命2．5年以上。     

山东阳谷县黑线仓鼠种群数量预测预报

作者于１９８２－１９９２年对山东省阳谷县黑线仓鼠的种群数量作了调查,并应用逐步回归分析法预报了阳谷,薛城１９９３年３月份,５月份、８月份和１１月份黑线仓鼠的鼠害发生程度,预报值与实测值基本相符。